The end result is that the actual attacker is hard to find.■ FTP-Software in this category is designed to set up the infected system as an FTP server. The attacker uses the victim’s system to scan or access another system or location. In more extreme cases, the Trojan may affect the hardware in such a way that it is unusable.■ Proxy-Malware of this type causes a system to be used as a proxy by the attacker. Keyloggers are common Trojans of this type.■ Destructive-This type of Trojan seeks to corrupt, erase, or destroy data outright on a system. Once captured, this data can be transmitted via e-mail or other means if the Trojan is so enabled. Two well-known members of this class are the SubSeven program and its cousin, Back Orifice, although both are older examples.■ Data sending-To fit into this category, a Trojan must capture some sort of data from the victim’s system, including files and keystrokes. Infected machines can be used for storing files without theknowledge of the computer’s owner.ġ96 Chapter 8 ■ Trojans, Viruses, Worms, and Covert Channels Types of Trojans include the following:■ Remote access Trojans (RATs)-Designed to give an attacker remote control over a victim’s system. Using the backdoor, a malicious user can send pictures or otherfiles to the victim’s computer or use the infected machine to access illegal websites, whilehiding the intruder’s identity.
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In April, a man from Reading was found not guiltyof the crime after experts testified that a Trojan could have been responsible for thepresence of 14 child porn images on his PC.Trojan horses can be used to install a backdoor on a PC, allowing an attacker to freelyaccess the computer. During this time, his ex-wife won custody of his seven-year-old daughter and possession of his house.This is thought to be the second case in the UK where a Trojan defense has been used toclear someone of such an accusation. He then spent a night in a police cell, nine days in Exeter prison andthree months in a bail hostel. The data transmitted can be a number of items,including identity information.An Unknowing Victim?The following is an excerpt from a story that was originally published on Green, 45, was taken into custody last October after police with a search warrantraided his house. Why would an attacker wish to use a Trojan instead of a virus? The reason typicallyis because a Trojan is more stealthy, coupled with the fact that it opens a covert channelthat can be used to transmit information. The covert channel violates security policy on a system. HTTP or TCP/IP are examples of communication mechanisms that can and do send information legitimately.■Ě covert channel is a path that is used to transmit or convey information but does so in a way that is illegitimate or supposed to be impossible. A Trojan relies on these items:■Ěn overt channel is a communication path or channel that is used to send information or perform other actions.
Malware 195Operations that could be performed by a hacker on a target computer system include these:■ Stealing data■ Installing software■ Downloading or uploading files■ Modifying files■ Installing keyloggers■ Viewing the system user’s screen■ Consuming computer storage space■ Crashing the victim’s system Before we get too far on the subject of Trojans, you need to know about covert and overtchannels.
Del stops working.■ When the computer is rebooted, a message states that other users are still connected.
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